History of Homing Pigeons

The sport of flying messenger pigeons began over 3,000 years ago. They were even used to announce the winners of the Ancient Olympic Games.

Messenger pigeons were used in Baghdad as early as 1150. Genghis Khan also used them. By 1167, a regular pigeon mail service was set up between Baghdad and Syria. In 1436, a traveler named Pedro Tafur saw carrier pigeons in Egypt. The Republic of Genoa used pigeons in their watchtowers across the Mediterranean Sea. Tipu Sultan of Mysore (1750–1799) also used messenger pigeons. They would return to a mosque in Srirangapatna, which was his headquarters. You can still see the pigeon holes in the mosque's towers today.

In 1818, a big pigeon race called the Cannonball Run happened in Brussels. In 1860, Paul Reuter, who later started the Reuters news agency, used over 45 pigeons. They delivered news and stock prices between Brussels and Aachen, where early telegraph lines ended.

During the Franco-Prussian War, pigeons carried mail between the city of Paris, which was under attack, and other parts of France. In December 1870, a pigeon flew from Perpignan to Brussels in ten hours, carrying tiny films of messages.

Historically, pigeons only flew one way, back to their home. They had to be brought back manually for another flight. However, by placing their food in one spot and their home in another, pigeons have been trained to fly back and forth up to twice a day. They can cover round trips of up to 160 kilometers (100 miles).

This reliability led to pigeons being used for mail routes. The Great Barrier Pigeongram Service in New Zealand started in 1897. This might have been the world's first regular air mail service. The first "airmail" stamps were even made for this service from 1898 to 1908.

Even in the 21st century, some police departments in Odisha, India, used homing pigeons. They provided emergency communication after natural disasters. In 2002, India's Police Pigeon Service was stopped because the Internet became more common. The Taliban banned keeping or using homing pigeons in Afghanistan.

Today, pigeons still compete in races.

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